1# CentOS el8下载 MySQL YUM 仓库（替换为最新版本）
 2wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-6.noarch.rpm  
 3# el9 使用sudo yum install mysql84-community-release-el9-x86_64.noarch.rpm
 4sudo rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el*.rpm
 5sudo yum makecache
 6# 安装 MySQL 社区版服务器
 7# el9 的话sudo yum install mysql84-community-release-el9-x86_64.noarch.rpm
 8
 9sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server
10# 可以通过手动编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo文件来选择发布系列。
11# **install时如果出现GPG 密钥问题**
12# sudo curl -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023 https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
13# sudo chmod 644 /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
14# sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2023
15# 重新执行 yum install -y mysql-community-server
16
17# 启动 MySQL 服务
18sudo systemctl start mysqld
19sudo systemctl enable mysqld
20sudo systemctl status mysqld
21
22#MySQL 首次启动会生成一个临时 root 密码：
23sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
24
25# 运行安全配置向导：
26#按提示操作：1.输入临时密码。2.置新密码（需符合复杂度要求）。3.移除匿名用户、禁止远程 root 登录、删除测试数据库等。
27sudo mysql_secure_installation
28mysql -u root -p

 1-- 修改 root密码
 2ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
 3
 4-- 创建新用户
 5CREATE USER '用户名'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码';
 6
 7-- 设置远程访问
 8GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '用户名'@'%';
 9
10FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

1sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
2sudo firewall-cmd --reload

 1[mysqld]
 2# 基础配置 内存配置
 3# InnoDB缓冲池大小（推荐为总内存的50-70%）
 4innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G
 5# InnoDB日志文件大小（推荐为缓冲池的25%）
 6innodb_log_file_size = 256M
 7# InnoDB日志缓冲区大小
 8innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
 9# 查询排序缓冲区大小
10sort_buffer_size = 2M
11read_buffer_size = 2M
12read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
13join_buffer_size = 4M
14
15# InnoDB引擎优化
16# I/O配置
17innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
18innodb_io_capacity = 1000
19innodb_io_capacity_max = 2000
20# 并发控制
21innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
22innodb_read_io_threads = 8
23innodb_write_io_threads = 8
24# 事务日志
25innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  # 需要最高耐久性时设为1，性能要求高时可设为2
26sync_binlog = 1
27
28# 连接相关
29# 最大连接数（根据应用需求调整）
30max_connections = 50
31# 线程缓存大小
32thread_cache_size = 10
33# 表缓存
34table_open_cache = 2000
35table_definition_cache = 1000
36
37# 查询优化
38# query_cache_type = 0  # MySQL 8已移除查询缓存
39tmp_table_size = 32M
40max_heap_table_size = 32M

 1# 调整文件描述符限制
 2echo "* soft nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
 3echo "* hard nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
 4
 5# 内核参数优化
 6echo "vm.swappiness = 10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
 7echo "vm.dirty_ratio = 60" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
 8echo "vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
 9echo "net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
10sysctl -p